Climax stage

The climax stage covers mature agroforestry systems where a closed tree canopy defines the microclimate. Articles focus on managing livestock beneath established trees — forage shade tolerance, stocking adjustments, canopy maintenance, and the long-term dynamics between animals and a woodland that has reached near-equilibrium.

1 article

CLIMAX · LIVESTOCK·5 min read

Livestock in the mature canopy — guidelines that won’t ruin trees

Animals belong in a mature agroforest — but on terms the trees can survive. Done well, livestock in the climax canopy close the nutrient loop: they graze the understorey you cannot sell, drop ferti…